What Is Babesia Canis/Babesia Gibsoni Disease?

Canine Babesia (Pyriasis)

Canine Babesiosis is a type of tick-borne protozoa that is widespread in the world. Babesia parasitizes in canine red blood cells. The animal can be clinically manifested as anemia, visible mucosal paleness, jaundice, splenomegaly, high fever, dyspnea, etc. Symptoms [1-5]. In recent years, drug-resistant strains have even appeared clinically, which has severely increased the difficulty of clinical treatment.

Pathogen:

Babesia is a kind of tick-transmitted protozoa. Ixodes ticks are the main vector of its transmission. When ticks suck blood, they enter mammalian skin along with saliva and invade red blood cells. At present, there are mainly two kinds of Babesia in the world: Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni. Among them, Babesia canis is a common Babesia major, which is divided into three subtypes. They are B. canis vogeli (Barbesiella weberii), B. canis canis and B. canis rossi. B. weberii is transmitted by Rhipicephalus (Rhipicephalus) Rhipicephalus Sanguineus. It grows easily in warm and humid environments. Endemic epidemics caused by this pathogen are reported throughout the year. The existence of B. weberii has been confirmed in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and the Americas. In the southern part of the United States, Babesia Weber's disease is one of the most common diseases, and its prevalence has increased from 3.8% to 59%. B. canis canis is mainly prevalent in Europe and is transmitted by Dermacentor Reticulatus, but there is also molecular evidence that Rhipicephalus ticks is also its transmission vector. B. canis rossi is endemic in Africa and is spread by Haemaphysalis. Babesia gibsonii is spread by Haemaphysalis Bispinosa and Haemaphysalis Longicornis. The pathogen is widely spread in the world and is endemic in Africa, Asia, Australia, South America, North America and Europe. . According to the different media, Babesia gibsonii is divided into tick transmission and dog-to-dog transmission. For example, in some areas in the United States where ticks are not susceptible, it is mainly spread through bites between dogs. In my country, the main prevalent Babesia is Babesia gibsonii, followed by Babesia canis, and Babesia canis is the main Babesia [3,6-12].

Life history of Babesia canis: A. When a tick sucks blood, the sporophyte enters the host's blood with saliva and invades the red blood cell through membrane invagination and dissolution. B. The sporophyte differentiates into merozoites. C. The trophozoite is polymorphic in the red blood cell. The two divisions inside cause the lysis of red blood cells. This method of asexual reproduction will produce more merozoites. D. The merozoites are released into the blood and infect more red blood cells. E. About 10 hours after the tick sucks blood, the tick’s intestines The worm body appears F. The worm body invades the intestinal epithelial cells of the tick to form gametes. The gametes of two different worm bodies combine to form a zygote. G. The zygote penetrates the tick intestine, enters the hemolymph, and then moves into the salivary glands. Replication in the salivary glands is finally released into the saliva of the tick. I. The body is transmitted through the egg in the female tick's reproductive system.

TAB. 1 Common Babesia classification, morphology and media information (from "Infection Diseases of the Dog and Cat")

Clinical symptoms:

It takes about two weeks for dogs to be infected with Babesia from a tick bite to show clinical symptoms, and dogs infected with Babesia can show subclinical mild symptoms, chronic history or acute severe clinical symptoms, mainly depending on the animal infection The type of Babesia and the animal's own condition include: immune status, age, whether there is spleenectomy and other concurrent infections [13-14]. The main clinical symptoms after various Babesia infections are shown in TAB.2.

TAB2. Clinical symptoms of different types of Babesiosis ("A Review of Canine Babesiosis: the European Perspective")

The following Rapid Test kits we supply can be used for test the dieases

1. Babesia canis Antibody Test

2. Babesia gibsoni Antibody Test

3. Canine Babesia canis - Babesia gibsoni Antibody Combo Test